git: frequently used commands

some git commands i frequently use but sometimes keep forgetting.

restore

# restore a file
git restore --source <branch_name> <file_relative_path>
# restore to master
git restore --source master pages/docs/index.tsx
# restore to one last commit in master
git restore --source master~1 pages/docs/index.tsx
# restore to one last commit in current branch
git restore -source=HEAD~1 pages/docs/index.tsx
# restore a folder
git restore --source <branch_name> <folder_relative_path>
git restore -source=HEAD~1 pages/docs

references : git-tower

rebase

# init rebase
git rebase <upstream> <branch_name>
# pull and rebase
git pull --rebase <upstream> <branch_name>
# when resolve conflicts
## after resolving conflicts and add to staged
git rebase --continue
## to cancel rebase process
git rebase --abort

references : git docs

relocate last commit to another branch

when you accidentally commit to branch_a but actually you want to commit it in branch_b

git checkout branch_a
git reset HEAD~1
git checkout -b branch_b
# or
git checkout branch_b
git add --all
git commit -m "commit message"

remove created tag

git tag -d <tag_name>

rename a tag

create an tag alias with a new name

git tag old_name new_name

remove the old tag locally

git tag -d old_name

remove the tag on the remote, with a checkout

git remote -v

the third argument is your remote repo. in our example, origin

git push origin :refs/tags/old_name

finally, add the new tag to the remote repo. the new tag will not be added until this is done.

git push origin --tags

repeat this process in all remotes.

reference: stackoverflow

use gpg to sign a commit

list all your keys

gpg --list-secret-keys | grep ^sec
sec   3185S/7DD21DBA 2014-05-06 [expires: 2015-05-05]
#           ^^^^^^^^

we need this hexadecimal value after the slash. add this value to your git config.

git config --global user.signingkey 7DD21DBA

replace 7DD21DBA by your hexadecimal value from the last command. to use this key in only one repo, run the last command without the --global. when you do an commit, add the -s option.

git commit -S -m 'Testing an signed commit.'

to confirm:

git log --show-signature

getting the difference between two repositories

# go to repo_a
cd /home/user/repo_a
# add the repo_b as a remote
git remote add -f b /home/user/repo_b
# see the differences on branch main
git diff main remotes/b/main
# when you're done, remove the remote
git remote rm b

reference: git: getting the difference between two repositories